What is biomimicry?

Inspired by natural ecosystems, the practice of permaculture offers a sustainable approach to food production. By cultivating diverse crops in synergistic arrangements and utilising techniques that mimic nature’s processes, such as composting and natural pest control, permaculture enhances soil fertility and reduces the need for synthetic inputs. This approach can increase agricultural productivity while contributing to the resilience of the ecosystems in which it is practiced.

The field of biomimicry has inspired innovative solutions for renewable energy generation too. For example, researchers have studied the photosynthetic processes of plants to develop artificial photosynthesis systems that can efficiently capture sunlight and convert it into usable energy. This approach can potentially revolutionise the way we harness solar power, offering a clean and abundant energy source that could help combat climate change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.

The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe, designed by architect Mick Pearce, represents the power of biomimicry in architecture. Inspired by the self-cooling structures found in termite mounds, the Eastgate Centre uses passive cooling strategies to regulate its interior temperature. By employing a system of vents and thermal mass, the building consumes 90 percent less energy for ventilation than conventional buildings, while maintaining comfortable conditions for its occupants.

Inspired by the aerodynamics of birds, particularly birds of prey, the Velaro Novo, a high-speed train designed by Siemens, features an exterior design that incorporates a streamlined body and a nose shaped like a bird’s beak. The biomimetic design has resulted in a 30 percent reduction in air resistance, leading to increased energy efficiency and a smaller carbon footprint. The train’s improved aerodynamics also allow for higher speeds, reduced vibrations, enhanced passenger comfort and noise reduction, making it suitable for high-speed travel through populated areas while minimising the environmental impact on surrounding wildlife.

Coral reefs have long been admired for their ability to create resilient, robust structures in challenging ocean environments. Drawing from coral reefs’ natural resilience and robustness, researchers have created eco-friendly concrete that significantly reduces environmental impact, enhances durability and improves energy efficiency. This innovative material reduces CO2 emissions and actively captures and stores atmospheric carbon, promoting a more holistic approach to sustainable design.

Drawing inspiration from sharkskin, engineers have developed a biomimetic surface known as “sharklet” that mimics the microscopic scale-like denticles of sharkskin. Sharkskin offers an innovative solution for improving the efficiency of water transportation systems. By integrating sharklet-inspired surfaces into pipes and pumps, water flow can be optimised, energy consumption reduced, water quality improved and overall system performance enhanced.